Sabtu, 25 Juli 2015

Verbs as Complements

What is a verb complement?
A verb complement is the arrangement of one verb as the object of another verb. This happens three ways in English:

1. With infinitives
I asked her to leave.
I wanted to leave.
I helped him to leave.
I stopped for the child to cross the street.

2. With gerunds
I considered leaving the job.
I regretted his leaving the job.
They decided on leaving.

3. With noun clauses
I insisted that he leave.
I wondered why he left..
She acknowledged that she had left the job.
He didn’t know that she had left.
She decided when she would leave.

The dictionary marks these verb patterns in bold print followed by pattern sentences. These pattern sentences can help you decide how to arrange the words in a sentence.
For example, the verb recommend shows the following patterns and pattern sentences for the first definition:
recommend that Doctors recommend that all children should be immunized against measles.
recommend doing sth The manufacturers recommend changing the oil after 500 km.
The pattern sentences are important because they give you more ideas about HOW verb patterns are used. Notice that in the pattern sentence for recommend that the verb in the second clause uses the modal "should." In fact this is an indication of how this pattern is used. If you were to write the second sentence The manufacturers recommend changing the oil after 500 km.
using the first pattern, you would use "should": The manufacturers recommend that the oil should be changed after 500 km..

How to use Verbs as Complements?
1) This construction is used with the verbs listed below:
VERB+
GERUND (VERB-ING)

admit
Delay
miss
regret
risk
appreciate
Deny
postpone
report
suggest
avoid
Enjoy
practice
resent

can’t help
Finish
quit
resist
consider
Mind
recall
resume

The sentence construction would be as follows:
SUBJECT+
VERB+
GERUND+
COMPLEMENT+
MODIFIER
Examples:
I enjoy studying English at the CBA.
He considered traveling to Europe for the summer, but he doesn’t have enough funds.

2) This construction is used with the verbs listed below:
VERB+
INFINITIVE (TO VERB)

agree
Expect
intend
prepare
try
attempt
Fail
learn
pretend
want
claim
Forget
mean
propose
wish
decide
Have
need
refuse

demand
Hesitate
offer
seem
desire
Hope
plan
tend

Examples:
I decided to refuse the invitation.
He pretended to be someone else.
She forgot to bring her keys.

 3) With the following Verbs the Sentence doesn’t change meaning if you use the gerund (ing) or the infinitive
begin
Continue
like
Prefer
can’t stand
Start
love
Hate

VERB+
GERUND (VERB-ING)
  or
VERB+
INFINITIVE (TO VERB)

 4) With the following Verbs the Sentence has Different Meaning
 Stop
Remember
Forget

VERB+
GERUND (VERB-ING) – Means forever
Example:
She stopped studying Engineering when she got pregnant.  
Meaning she won’t study Engineering any more.  She stopped studying forever.
or
VERB+
INFINITIVE (TO VERB)
 Example:
She stopped to study English when I called her. 
Meaning that she will continue to study after her break.


5) Use of prepositions with the -Ing Form
VERB+
PREPOSITION+
VERB-ING
List of Prepositions that use this construction:
as a result of
From
in view of
thanks to
at
In
of
through
because of
in exchange for
on account of
with
by means of
in return for
on the strength of
without
by virtue of
in spite of
out of

for fear of
in the face of
owing to
for lack of
in the light of

for want of
 EXCEPTION:  But, except.
Example:
He hid the wallet, for fear of being stolen.
She was really famous, as a result of acting as Mary in the Jesus Christ film.
Courage in the Face of Eviction Nightmare

6) Use of Adjectives with the infinitive form
ADJECTIVES +
INFINITIVE

Construction:
VERB+
ADJECTIVE+
TO VERB

List of adjectives that use this construction: 
able
dangerous
good
ready
anxious
difficult
hard
strange
boring
eager
pleased
usual
common
easy
prepared

 Examples:
I’m pleased to meet you
It’s difficult to understand some people.
I’m prepared to take this test.
Rafael is eager to meet you.

7) Use a Pronoun before the Infinitive form 
Certain verbs require the following construction:
SUBJECT+
VERB+
PRONOUN+
TO VERB

Allow    Ask
Beg
Convince  Expect
Instruct
Invite   Order
Permit
PersuadePrepare
Promise
RemindUrge
Want

The pronouns to be used are object pronouns: ME, YOU, HIM, HER, IT, US, YOU, THEM.
 Example:
He orders her to study for the test.
My mother promised me to take me to the mall.
Rahima convinced him to purchase an expensive purse.

8) Use the -ing (gerung) form of a verb after the possessive form.

SUBJECT+
VERB+
POSSESSIVE FORM+
VERB-ING

Possessive form: MINE, YOURS, HIS, HERS, ITS, YOURS, OURS, THEM, MY, YOU , HIS HER, ITS, YOURS,  THEIR.
Example:
I understand her feeling.

9) Use of the verb need with different nouns (living and things) 
With living things use need and the infinitive form of the verb.
LIVING THING+
NEED+
INFINITIVE
George needs to work out more often.
THING+
NEED+
GERUND (ING)TO BE+ PAST PARTICIPLE
The blender needs to be repaired.
The blanket needs to be cleaned.

10) Use of subjunctives

SUBJECT+
VERB+
THAT+
SUBJECT+
VERB WORD +
….+

Joe prefers that she speak with him personally.

VERBS WITH THAT:
AdviceAsk
Command
Decree
DemandDesire
Insist
MoveOrder
Prefer
RecommendRequest
Require
StipulateSuggest
Urge

NOUNS WITH THAT:
Recommendation
Requirement
Suggestion

ADJECTIVES WITH THAT

IT+
BE+
ADJECTIVE+
THAT+
SUBJECT+
VERB WORD


AdvisedImperative
Important
MandatoryNecessary
Obligatory
ProposedRecommended
Require
SuggestedUrgent

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